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Manuel Ávila Camacho
Manuel Ávila Camacho ((:maˈnwel ˈaβila kaˈmatʃo); 24 April 1897 – 13 October 1955) served as the President of Mexico from 1940 to 1946. Although he did participate in the Mexican Revolution and achieved a high rank, he came to the presidency of Mexico because his direct connection to General Lázaro Cárdenas, as right hand man, serving as his Chief of his General Staff during the Mexican Revolution and afterwards.〔Enrique Krauze, ''Mexico: Biography of Power'', New York: Harper Collins 1997, p. 494.〕 He was called affectionately by Mexicans "The Gentleman President" (“El Presidente Caballero”).〔Krauze, ''Mexico: Biography of Power'', chapter title, 491.〕 As president he pursued "national policies of unity, adjustment, and moderation."〔Howard F. Cline, ''Mexico: Revolution to Evolution: 1940-1960''. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1963, p. 153.〕
==Early career==
Manuel Ávila was born in Teziutlán, a small but economically important town in Puebla, to middle-class parents, Manuel Ávila Castillo and Eufrosina Camacho Bello.〔David G. LaFrance. "Manuel Ávila Camacho" in ''Encyclopedia of Mexico'', Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, p.116.〕 His older brother Maximino Ávila Camacho was a more dominant personality. There were several other siblings, among them a sister María Jovita Ávila Camacho and several brothers. Two of his brothers, Maximino Ávila Camacho and Rafael Ávila Camacho served as governors of Puebla. Manuel Ávila Camacho did not receive a university degree, although he studied at the National Preparatory School. He joined the army in 1914 as a Second Lieutenant and reached the status of Colonel by 1920. In the same year, he served as the Chief of Staff of the state of Michoacán under Lázaro Cárdenas and became his close friend. In 1929, he fought under General Cárdenas against the Escobar Rebellion and, that same year, achieved the rank of Brigadier General. He was married to Soledad Orozco García, who was born in Zapopan, Jalisco. Soledad Orozco was one of the Orozcos of the State of Jalisco. She was born in 1904 and died in 1996.
After his military service, Ávila entered the public arena in 1933–1934 as the Official Mayor of the Secretariat of National Defense, and became Secretary of National Defense in 1937. In 1940, he was elected president of Mexico, after being appointed to represent the party which became the Institutional Revolutionary Party. Ávila Camacho won the controversial presidential election over right-wing candidate and revolutionary-era General, Juan Andreu Almazán.
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